Dyld shared cache: Difference between revisions

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Since iPhone OS 3.1, all system (private and public) libraries have been combined into a big cache file to improve performance. The original files are redundant and thus eliminated from the system.
Since iPhone OS 3.1, all system (private and public) libraries have been combined into a big cache file to improve performance. The original files are redundant and thus eliminated from the system.


If you're looking for binaries or libraries inside of <tt>[http://theiphonewiki.com/wiki//System/Library/Frameworks /System/Library/Frameworks]</tt> or <tt>/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks</tt> (or other directories) and can't, this is why.
If you're looking for binaries or libraries inside of <tt>/System/Library/Frameworks</tt> or <tt>/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks</tt> (or other directories) and can't, this is why.


As of iOS 13.5 application code is now in frameworks in the shared cache. The binaries you see in <tt>/Applications</tt> or <tt>/private/var/staged_system_apps</tt> are now just shims, so if you attempt to class-dump them it will error out as no ObjC section will be found.
As of iOS 13.5 application code is now in frameworks in the shared cache. The binaries you see in <tt>/Applications</tt> or <tt>/private/var/staged_system_apps</tt> are now just shims, so if you attempt to class-dump them it will error out as no ObjC section will be found.


OS X, along with any other *OS released by apple also uses a shared cache. Unlike iOS, OS X ships with the source binaries still on-disk, particularly so it can be updated with [https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/update_dyld_shared_cache.1.html update_dyld_shared_cache]. The cache is only vaguely documented in dyld man pages.
OS X, along with any other *OS released by apple also uses a shared cache. Unlike iOS, macOS before 11 Big Sur used to ship with the source binaries still on-disk, particularly so it can be updated with [https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/update_dyld_shared_cache.1.html update_dyld_shared_cache]. Starting with macOS 11, update_dyld_shared_cache is deprecated and, as in iOS, the only copy of the libraries is in the "cache". The cache is only vaguely documented in dyld man pages.


== Obtaining a shared cache ==


== Extracting Frameworks and Libraries. ==
=== For an iOS Device ===


Since iOS 8, the SDK no longer includes extracted frameworks. The only way to obtain the libraries running on your device is via extraction.
==== Using the ipsw tool ====


Extracting the shared cache is useful in a few situations:
# Install [https://github.com/blacktop/ipsw ipsw].
# Run <code>ipsw download ipsw --version [target iOS version] --device [target device model (e.g. iPhone10,3)</code>
# Run <code>ipsw extract --dyld</code>


* Linking against a framework or library not available in the public SDK
==== Manually ====
* Using class-dump or similar tools to analyze Private Frameworks.


=== Obtaining a shared cache ===
# Download or locate an .ipsw file for the target version and device 
# Rename it to a .zip, extract, and locate the largest .dmg 
# Mount the dmg and navigate to /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.dyld/ 
# Copy the dyld_shared_cache to your machine.


The easiest method for getting a dyld_shared_cache is as such:
=== From a MacOS Device ===


# Download or locate an ipsw for the target version and device 
On newer machines, it is located at <code>/System/Library/dyld/</code>
# Rename it to a .zip, extract, and locate the largest .dmg 
# Mount the dmg and navigate to /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.dyld/
# Copy the dyld_shared_cache to your machine. 


==== Other methods for cache retrieval ====
Previously, it was located at <code>/usr/lib/dyld</code>


Since ASLR was implemented in iOS, trivial ways to pull the cache off the device have provided a "broken" cache, which can't be processed correctly by the aforementioned tools. This is because when read by processes in which ASLR is enabled, some offsetting is applied to the cache too. In order to circumvent this issue and pull a "valid" shared cache off the device, there are different options:
== Extracting Frameworks and Libraries. ==


* Copy the cache off the device using a program on which ASLR has been explicitly disabled, using the <tt>-mdynamic-no-pic</tt> compile flag.
Since iOS 8, the SDK no longer includes extracted frameworks. The only way to obtain the libraries running on your device is via extraction.
* Read the cache explicitly from the filesystem by setting the <tt>F_NOCACHE</tt> flag on the cache's file descriptor.
* Copy the cache through AFC (filesystem browsers which use an AFC connection are fine) - on iOS 7 and 8, you'll want to install the package ''Apple File Conduit "2"'', hosted/maintained by saurik.
* Use the copy that is probably laying around on your computer in <tt>~/Library/Developer/Xcode/iOS\ DeviceSupport/</tt> if you have Xcode.


Alternatively, [https://github.com/npupyshev/dt.fetchsymbols dt.fetchsymbols] can be used to extract the cache from an iOS device. This tool doesn't require file system access (jailbreak) or app installation.
Extracting the shared cache is useful in a few situations:


== Shared cache static analysis ==
* Linking against a framework or library not available in the public SDK
* Using class-dump or similar tools to analyze Private Frameworks.
* Reverse engineering the code in private or public frameworks within iOS.


Analyzing Private Frameworks can provide powerful insight into how iOS works, and can assist with writing better code as an extension developer.
[https://github.com/arandomdev/DyldExtractor DyldExtractor] is currently (as of iOS 14) capable of extracting nearly perfect frameworks from the shared cache. However, these cannot yet be loaded by dyld, as more work needs done.


If you're not sure what you need, and/or you don't have time to waste, you likely want Simulator Runtime frameworks.
== Shared cache static analysis ==


=== Simulator Runtime Frameworks ===
=== Simulator Runtime Frameworks ===


The simulator runtime generated by XCode includes fully symbolicated, perfect x64 binaries for Private and Public frameworks. For most shared_cache analysis, unless you own IDA 7.5, you likely will be fine with using these. They're located in ''Add the folder here''
''Can someone with an M1 mac comment on this?''
 
The simulator runtime generated by Xcode includes fully symbolicated, perfect x64 binaries for Private and Public frameworks. For most shared_cache analysis, unless you own IDA 7.5 or the frameworks you are looking for are not available in simulators, you are fine with these. They're located under <code>/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot</code> (Xcode 11 and higher) or <code>/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot</code> (Xcode 10 and lower).


=== XCode's Automatic Extraction ===
=== Disassemblers capable of extraction ===


Before you go through the painful extraction process, macOS users should check `~/Library/Developer/Xcode/iOS DeviceSupport`. When you build and deploy a project via XCode, it will automatically extract the entire cache to this directory. This eliminates the need to deal with other tools.
Using [https://github.com/arandomdev/DyldExtractor DyldExtractor] is recommended for extraction. The only tool capable of extracting on its own is IDA Pro 7.5, and using an extractor can still be easier.


=== Disassemblers capable of extraction ===


Owning IDA 7.5 is one of the few reasons to bother using a real cache for Reverse Engineering private frameworks. Other tools are not capable of doing so easily if at all.
==== BinaryNinja ====
 
BinaryNinja, utilizing the [https://github.com/cxnder/bn-dyldsharedcache bn-dyldsharecache] Plugin, is capable of loading images from the dyld_shared_cache.


==== IDA Pro ====
==== IDA Pro ====
Common illegally distributed copies of IDA don't include these utilities, and you won't be able to use features documented here or elsewhere on a stolen copy.


IDA 7.5 includes a plethora of tools that make working with the dsc much more tolerable. It entirely eliminates the need for extraction or third-party scripts to fix output.
IDA 7.5 includes a plethora of tools that make working with the dsc much more tolerable. It entirely eliminates the need for extraction or third-party scripts to fix output.


Details and instructions on using the integrated tools can be found on the [[IDA Pro]] page. If you own a copy, check the IDA page on this wiki for a guide on using it.
Details and instructions on using the integrated tools can be found on the [[IDA Pro]] page. If you own a copy, check the IDA page on this wiki for a guide on using it.


==== Hopper ====
==== Hopper ====
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Hopper is capable of loading singular modules from the shared cache. It does not fix references and as such produces mostly useless output.
Hopper is capable of loading singular modules from the shared cache. It does not fix references and as such produces mostly useless output.


It also allows loading the entire shared cache, but tends to crash when loading it
It also allows loading the entire shared cache, but tends to crash when loading it. It's not worth your time.


==== Ghidra ====
==== Ghidra ====
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''More information is needed here''
''More information is needed here''
There are [https://github.com/NationalSecurityAgency/ghidra/issues/682 known issues] with loading a shared cache.


=== Standalone tools ===
=== Standalone tools ===
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Working on current iOS versions:
Working on current iOS versions:


* [http://opensource.apple.com/source/dyld/ dsc_extractor (source code)]. More info [https://gist.github.com/NSExceptional/85527151eeec4b0640187a0a165da1cd here]. It produces the best results among all tools, but without branch islands workaround. Do note this is the exact same output provided by XCode automatically.
* [https://github.com/arandomdev/DyldExtractor DyldExtractor]. Python project capable of extracting and heavily fixing up frameworks from the shared cache. This tool produces nearly perfect output on current iOS versions.
 
"Working":
 
* [http://opensource.apple.com/source/dyld/ dsc_extractor (source code)]. More info [https://gist.github.com/NSExceptional/85527151eeec4b0640187a0a165da1cd here]. Do note this is the exact same output provided by XCode automatically.


Tools for previous iOS versions:
Tools for previous iOS versions:
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* [http://www.newosxbook.com/index.php?page=downloads jtool] is another option starting from iOS 8.  
* [http://www.newosxbook.com/index.php?page=downloads jtool] is another option starting from iOS 8.  
* [https://github.com/comex/imaon2 yasce] by comex is/was the best option for iOS 8 (and above), but you will need a nightly build version of rust; something like "rustc 1.9.0-nightly (339a409bf 2016-03-01)".
* [https://github.com/comex/imaon2 yasce] by comex is/was the best option for iOS 8 (and above), but you will need a nightly build version of rust; something like "rustc 1.9.0-nightly (339a409bf 2016-03-01)".
* [https://github.com/macmade/dyld_cache_extract dyld_cache_extract] by macmade that works on macOS and provides a complete GUI. Clone repo and do 'git submodule update --remote' before buidling. It was reported to be not working on iOS 10.2's dyld_shared_cache_armv7s; gave a 561.1MB executable file.  
* [https://github.com/macmade/dyld_cache_extract dyld_cache_extract] by macmade that works on macOS and provides a complete GUI. Clone repo and do 'git submodule update --remote' before buidling. It was reported to be not working on iOS 10.2's dyld_shared_cache_armv7s; gave a 561.1MB executable file.
 


== Cache location ==
== Cache location ==
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|}
|}


== Example usage for dsc_extractor ==


''Given that this is a bit of a source-code dump of an apple tool, it probably should be moved to its own page''
=== Other Disassemblers ===


Sorry this is still work in progress as of iOS 13.4.1 - the binary output is not usable in either Hopper or class-dump.
''Information on how other disassemblers interact with these caches is needed.''


This tool is different in that it dumps every binary in the cache compared to other tools that allow extraction of individual binaries. We need to create a c++ file and use Apple's test program code to build an executable:
<source lang=bash>
cd Downloads
mkdir dsc_extractor
cd dsc_extractor
mate dsc_extractor.cpp
</source>
Copy and paste in the following Apple test program taken from the dyld package (look after the code for instructions on how to download it yourself).
<source lang=c++>
// test program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
typedef int (*extractor_proc)(const char* shared_cache_file_path, const char* extraction_root_path,
                              void (^progress)(unsigned current, unsigned total));
int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    if ( argc != 3 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: dsc_extractor <path-to-cache-file> <path-to-device-dir>\n");
        return 1;
    }
    //void* handle = dlopen("/Volumes/my/src/dyld/build/Debug/dsc_extractor.bundle", RTLD_LAZY);
    void* handle = dlopen("/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/usr/lib/dsc_extractor.bundle", RTLD_LAZY);
    if ( handle == NULL ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "dsc_extractor.bundle could not be loaded\n");
        return 1;
    }
    extractor_proc proc = (extractor_proc)dlsym(handle, "dyld_shared_cache_extract_dylibs_progress");
    if ( proc == NULL ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "dsc_extractor.bundle did not have dyld_shared_cache_extract_dylibs_progress symbol\n");
        return 1;
    }
    int result = (*proc)(argv[1], argv[2], ^(unsigned c, unsigned total) { printf("%d/%d\n", c, total); } );
    fprintf(stderr, "dyld_shared_cache_extract_dylibs_progress() => %d\n", result);
    return 0;
}
</source>
This test program was taken from dydl 733.6. Get latest by browsing the versions [https://opensource.apple.com/source/dyld/ here] and download by swapping in a version number like:
<source lang=bash>
wget http://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/dyld/dyld-733.6.tar.gz
tar xvf dyld-733.6.tar.gz
cd dyld-733.6/launch_cache
mate dyld-733.6/launch_cache/dsc_extractor.cpp
</source>
Scroll to the bottom to find the test program code in the big comment.
Back to what we were doing, to build the file we created and install:
<source lang=bash>
clang++ -o dsc_extractor dsc_extractor.cpp
cp dsc_extractor ~/bin/
chmod u+x ~/bin/dsc_extractor
</source>
To use (Change the iOS version to what is in your folder, Xcode will copy the cache file from a connected device):
<source lang=bash>
cd ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/iOS DeviceSupport/13.4.1 (17E262)
dsc_extractor Symbols/System/Library/Caches/com.apple.dyld/dyld_shared_cache_arm64 Binaries
</source>
After a brief pause you'll see a lot of output as it dumps each binary, e.g.
<source lang=bash>
0/1805
1/1805
2/1805
3/1805
4/1805
5/1805
</source>
And now, you can find all of the dumped binaries in the Binaries folder, the problem is the binaries aren't usable in class-dump and errors with "Cannot find offset", e.g.:
<source lang=bash>
class-dump -H Binaries/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/WiFiKit.framework/WiFiKit
2020-05-02 11:58:35.887 class-dump[47492:2792183] Error: Cannot find offset for address 0x201c9409718 in dataOffsetForAddress:
</source>
=== Example usage for decache ===
This will extract the binary of the private framework SpringBoardServices
<source lang=bash>
decache -c path/to/dyld_shared_cache -x /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/SpringBoardServices.framework/SpringBoardServices -o SpringBoardServices
</source>
If you get a message about an unsupported load command, ignore it. decache does not support some newer mach-o load commands, so the binary won't be able to run probably in the most cases. But for linking or reverse-engineering purposes it is still usable.


=== Example usage for jtool ===
=== Example usage for jtool ===
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LC_DYLD_INFO...
LC_DYLD_INFO...
</source>
</source>
== "Development" vs "Release" caches ==
=== Creation/background ===
The source code for the tool used at apple is here:
https://opensource.apple.com/source/dyld/dyld-733.6/dyld3/shared-cache/CacheBuilder.cpp.auto.html
Specifically linked is the file responsible for determining if a development build is being created, and if so to avoid removing stubs. This is likely done to make debugging issues in frameworks much less painful.
Evidence of these builds is present in dyld source (''link to a github mirror here please''), and they're likely used in internal iOS builds.


== Class dumping ==
== Class dumping ==


See [[Reverse_Engineering_Tools#class-dump.2C_class_dump_z.2C_classdump-dyld|this section of Reverse Engineering Tools]].
See [[Reverse_Engineering_Tools#Class/Metadata_Dumping_tools|this section of Reverse Engineering Tools]].
 
== External Links ==
== External Links ==


* [http://blog.howett.net/?p=75 Cache or Check?] — an analysis of the dyld_shared_cache system by D. Howett.
* [http://blog.howett.net/?p=75 Cache or Check?] — an analysis of the dyld_shared_cache system by D. Howett.
* [https://github.com/deepinstinct/dsc_fix dsc_fix] — an IDA script that aids in reverse engineering dyld_shared_cache libraries
* [https://github.com/deepinstinct/dsc_fix dsc_fix] — an IDA script that aids in reverse engineering dyld_shared_cache libraries

Revision as of 06:20, 8 March 2023


Since iPhone OS 3.1, all system (private and public) libraries have been combined into a big cache file to improve performance. The original files are redundant and thus eliminated from the system.

If you're looking for binaries or libraries inside of /System/Library/Frameworks or /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks (or other directories) and can't, this is why.

As of iOS 13.5 application code is now in frameworks in the shared cache. The binaries you see in /Applications or /private/var/staged_system_apps are now just shims, so if you attempt to class-dump them it will error out as no ObjC section will be found.

OS X, along with any other *OS released by apple also uses a shared cache. Unlike iOS, macOS before 11 Big Sur used to ship with the source binaries still on-disk, particularly so it can be updated with update_dyld_shared_cache. Starting with macOS 11, update_dyld_shared_cache is deprecated and, as in iOS, the only copy of the libraries is in the "cache". The cache is only vaguely documented in dyld man pages.

Obtaining a shared cache

For an iOS Device

Using the ipsw tool

  1. Install ipsw.
  2. Run ipsw download ipsw --version [target iOS version] --device [target device model (e.g. iPhone10,3)
  3. Run ipsw extract --dyld

Manually

  1. Download or locate an .ipsw file for the target version and device
  2. Rename it to a .zip, extract, and locate the largest .dmg
  3. Mount the dmg and navigate to /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.dyld/
  4. Copy the dyld_shared_cache to your machine.

From a MacOS Device

On newer machines, it is located at /System/Library/dyld/

Previously, it was located at /usr/lib/dyld

Extracting Frameworks and Libraries.

Since iOS 8, the SDK no longer includes extracted frameworks. The only way to obtain the libraries running on your device is via extraction.

Extracting the shared cache is useful in a few situations:

  • Linking against a framework or library not available in the public SDK
  • Using class-dump or similar tools to analyze Private Frameworks.
  • Reverse engineering the code in private or public frameworks within iOS.

DyldExtractor is currently (as of iOS 14) capable of extracting nearly perfect frameworks from the shared cache. However, these cannot yet be loaded by dyld, as more work needs done.

Shared cache static analysis

Simulator Runtime Frameworks

Can someone with an M1 mac comment on this?

The simulator runtime generated by Xcode includes fully symbolicated, perfect x64 binaries for Private and Public frameworks. For most shared_cache analysis, unless you own IDA 7.5 or the frameworks you are looking for are not available in simulators, you are fine with these. They're located under /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot (Xcode 11 and higher) or /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/CoreSimulator/Profiles/Runtimes/iOS.simruntime/Contents/Resources/RuntimeRoot (Xcode 10 and lower).

Disassemblers capable of extraction

Using DyldExtractor is recommended for extraction. The only tool capable of extracting on its own is IDA Pro 7.5, and using an extractor can still be easier.


BinaryNinja

BinaryNinja, utilizing the bn-dyldsharecache Plugin, is capable of loading images from the dyld_shared_cache.

IDA Pro

IDA 7.5 includes a plethora of tools that make working with the dsc much more tolerable. It entirely eliminates the need for extraction or third-party scripts to fix output.

Details and instructions on using the integrated tools can be found on the IDA Pro page. If you own a copy, check the IDA page on this wiki for a guide on using it.


Hopper

Hopper is capable of loading singular modules from the shared cache. It does not fix references and as such produces mostly useless output.

It also allows loading the entire shared cache, but tends to crash when loading it. It's not worth your time.

Ghidra

Ghidra is capable of loading the shared cache

More information is needed here

There are known issues with loading a shared cache.

Standalone tools

Working on current iOS versions:

  • DyldExtractor. Python project capable of extracting and heavily fixing up frameworks from the shared cache. This tool produces nearly perfect output on current iOS versions.

"Working":

Tools for previous iOS versions:

  • dyld_decache by KennyTM~ to extract these dylibs.
  • DySlim by comex to mount the whole cache file on Mac OS X.
  • decache by phoenixdev to nearly perfectly extract dylibs from iOS <= 6 cache file.
  • jtool is another option starting from iOS 8.
  • yasce by comex is/was the best option for iOS 8 (and above), but you will need a nightly build version of rust; something like "rustc 1.9.0-nightly (339a409bf 2016-03-01)".
  • dyld_cache_extract by macmade that works on macOS and provides a complete GUI. Clone repo and do 'git submodule update --remote' before buidling. It was reported to be not working on iOS 10.2's dyld_shared_cache_armv7s; gave a 561.1MB executable file.

Cache location

The cache is located in /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.dyld/dyld_shared_cache_armX, where X can be:

X Device ARM Architecture
v6 ARMv6
v7 ARMv7
v7s
v7k
64 ARMv8
64e ARMv8.3


Other Disassemblers

Information on how other disassemblers interact with these caches is needed.


Example usage for jtool

To extract a specific binary from the cache ("UIKit" can be replaced with a different framework or library):

jtool -extract UIKit path/to/dyld_shared_cache

An example of one way to dump all the binaries at once (be careful with this, it creates huge files):

cache=dyld_shared_cache_arm64
mkdir -p extracted && jtool -lv $cache | cut -c 24- | tail +5 | while read line; do mkdir -p extracted/"$(dirname "$line")"; jtool -extract $line $cache; mv $cache."$(basename "$line")" extracted/$line; done

Problems with jtool

Please be aware that decache produces currently (16.04.15) better and more usable results then jtool, as jtool fails to resolve and fix the "uniqued" objectiv c selectors correctly.

Apple "uniques" objectiv c selectors, such as "alloc" (alloc is used almost everywhere), which are used in more then one place, into a single one. When extracting an image from the cache, the address of such a shared selector will most likely not be in the extracted image anymore, so this needs to fixed, which jtool apparently fails to do. (For more information: http://opensource.apple.com/source/dyld/dyld-132.13/launch-cache/update_dyld_shared_cache.cpp, look at the class ObjCSelectorUniquer)

Not working since iOS 11

jtool2 is the newer version this user reports it not working on the iOS 11 shared cache - shows a warning "File is likely truncated (or header corrupt?)" and then doesn't get past "LC_DYLD_INFO..." http://newosxbook.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=19577&start=50#p24183 Still same error exists on the cache from iOS 13.

$ ./jtool2 -e Stocks ./dyld_shared_cache_arm64 
Warning: File is likely truncated (or header corrupt?) Binding opcodes falls outside file
Warning: File is likely truncated (or header corrupt?) Binding opcodes falls outside file
Warning: File is likely truncated (or header corrupt?) LC_FUNCTION_STARTS falls outside file
0x176d9000-0x17731000 __TEXT   (360448 bytes)
0x2ccc2070-0x2ccd54a8 __DATA_CONST   (78904 bytes)
0x30571f60-0x30575f60 __DATA   (16384 bytes)
0x314c9a28-0x314ca000 __DATA_DIRTY   (1496 bytes)
0x316b3000-0x37064000 __LINKEDIT   (94048256 bytes)
   0x31e3c4d0-0x31e3eaf8 Exports   (9768 bytes)
   0x34689f18-0x346912f8 Symbol Table   (29664 bytes)
   0x35a46500-0x35a46b90 Function Starts   (1680 bytes)
   0x35bb1930-0x35bb1960 Data In Code   (48 bytes)
   0x35d66710-0x37029aba String Table   (19674026 bytes)
LC_DYLD_INFO...

"Development" vs "Release" caches

Creation/background

The source code for the tool used at apple is here:

https://opensource.apple.com/source/dyld/dyld-733.6/dyld3/shared-cache/CacheBuilder.cpp.auto.html

Specifically linked is the file responsible for determining if a development build is being created, and if so to avoid removing stubs. This is likely done to make debugging issues in frameworks much less painful.

Evidence of these builds is present in dyld source (link to a github mirror here please), and they're likely used in internal iOS builds.

Class dumping

See this section of Reverse Engineering Tools.

External Links

  • Cache or Check? — an analysis of the dyld_shared_cache system by D. Howett.
  • dsc_fix — an IDA script that aids in reverse engineering dyld_shared_cache libraries