Seatbelt: Difference between revisions

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m (rearrange the profiles to reflect the true kernel ordering.)
 
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There are 5 [http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man3/sandbox_init.3.html documented profiles]
There are 5 [http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man3/sandbox_init.3.html documented profiles]
* kSBXProfileNoWriteExceptTemporary (= "write-tmp-only")
* '''0.''' kSBXProfileNoNetwork (= "nonet")
* kSBXProfileNoInternet (= "nointernet")
* '''1.''' kSBXProfileNoInternet (= "nointernet")
* kSBXProfileNoNetwork (= "nonet")
* '''2.''' kSBXProfilePureComputation (= "pure-computation")
* kSBXProfileNoWrite (= "nowrite")
* '''3.''' kSBXProfileNoWriteExceptTemporary (= "write-tmp-only")
* kSBXProfilePureComputation (= "pure-computation")
* '''4.''' kSBXProfileNoWrite (= "nowrite")
and 9 undocumented profiles:
and 9 undocumented profiles:
* "sandbox-compilerd"
* '''5.''' "sandbox-compilerd"
* "mDNSResponder"
* '''6.''' "mDNSResponder"
* "apsd"
* '''7.''' "apsd"
* "AppleDiags"
* '''8.''' "AppleDiags"
* "PasteBoard"
* '''9.''' "PasteBoard"
* "[[MobileSafari]]"
* '''10.''' "container" (Having the same restriction as AppStore apps.)
* "[[MobileMail]]"
* '''11.''' "{{applink|MobileSafari}}"
* "[[MobileMaps]]"
* '''12.''' "{{applink|MobileMail}}"
* "container" (Having the same restriction as AppStore apps.)
* '''13.''' "{{applink|MobileMaps}}"


=== Definition of profiles ===
=== Definition of profiles ===
Line 197: Line 197:
shall be compiled and sandboxed by this definition. (You can also provide a complete path.) However, due to the lack of <tt>sandboxd</tt> the .sb files cannot be compiled, so assume this feature isn't there yet.
shall be compiled and sandboxed by this definition. (You can also provide a complete path.) However, due to the lack of <tt>sandboxd</tt> the .sb files cannot be compiled, so assume this feature isn't there yet.


== Oasis in the sandbox around /var/mobile ==
== Working around the sandbox ==
While sandbox is a nice security feature, it is sometimes too restrictive for a [[MobileSubstrate]] extension. Since the sandbox is implemented as a kernel feature it's impossible to workaround it. For example, an MS extension targeting AppStore app can only write in /var/mobile, but most of the /var/mobile itself is unreadable due to sandboxing. But there are a few places that the sandbox cannot apply, so AppStore apps may store data in these places. They are:
While sandbox is a nice security feature, it is sometimes too restrictive for a [[MobileSubstrate]] extension. Since the sandbox is implemented as a kernel feature it's impossible to workaround it. For example, an MS extension targeting AppStore app can only write in /var/mobile, but most of the /var/mobile itself is unreadable due to sandboxing. But there are a few places that the sandbox cannot apply, so AppStore apps may store data in these places. They are:
* Anything in the container itself (of course).
* Anything in the container itself (of course).

Latest revision as of 21:04, 19 January 2010

Seatbelt, also known as sandbox, is a kernel extension that restricts a set of features from being used for some processes.

Applying sandbox to your app

It is a good idea to apply a sandbox to restrict what your app can do, esp. for setuid apps, in case a vulnerability is found (well maybe not needed for iPhoneOS...). The documented way of applying a sandbox is

#include <sandbox.h>

char* errbuf;
int errcode = sandbox_init("profile", SANDBOX_NAMED, &errbuf);

...

sandbox_free_error(errbuf);

Once a sandbox is applied, you cannot jump out from the sandbox anymore.

There are 5 documented profiles

  • 0. kSBXProfileNoNetwork (= "nonet")
  • 1. kSBXProfileNoInternet (= "nointernet")
  • 2. kSBXProfilePureComputation (= "pure-computation")
  • 3. kSBXProfileNoWriteExceptTemporary (= "write-tmp-only")
  • 4. kSBXProfileNoWrite (= "nowrite")

and 9 undocumented profiles:

  • 5. "sandbox-compilerd"
  • 6. "mDNSResponder"
  • 7. "apsd"
  • 8. "AppleDiags"
  • 9. "PasteBoard"
  • 10. "container" (Having the same restriction as AppStore apps.)
  • 11. "MobileSafari"
  • 12. "MobileMail"
  • 13. "MobileMaps"

Definition of profiles

container

MobileSafari

Same as MobileMail but /var/mobile/Media/Safari/ is also read/writable.

MobileMail

  • UNIX sockets cannot be used.
  • The following files and directories cannot be read:
    • /var/mobile/Applications/*
    • /var/mobile/Media/* (except DCIM/, com.apple.itdbprep.postprocess.lock and com.apple.itunes.lock_sync)
    • /var/mobile/Library/Caches/com.apple.mobile.installation.plist
    • /usr/sbin/fairplayd
  • The filesystem by default is read-only, but the following directories can be written:
    • /var/mobile/Library/*
    • /var/mobile/Media/DCIM/*
    • /tmp/*

MobileMaps

Based on MobileMail but

  • /var/logs cannot be read.
  • /var/mobile/Library/Caches/com.apple.UIKit.pboard/* cannot be read.
  • /var/mobile/Media/* cannot be written.
  • /var/mobile/Library/* cannot be written, except:
    • /var/mobile/Library/Caches/Maps/*
    • /var/mobile/Library/Keyboard/*
    • /var/mobile/Library/Maps/*
    • /var/mobile/Library/SMS/*

PasteBoard

Everywhere is read-only, except:

  • /var/mobile/Library/Caches/com.apple.UIKit.pboard/*
  • /tmp/*

AppleDiags

Based on MobileMail but

  • /var/mobile/Media/* can be read.
  • /var/mobile/Library/Caches/com.apple.mobile.installation.plist can be read.
  • /var/mobile/Library/* cannot be written, except:
    • /var/mobile/Library/AddressBook/*
    • /var/mobile/Library/Keyboard/*
    • /var/mobile/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/*
    • /var/mobile/Library/Preferences/*

apsd, mDNSResponder

The filesystem cannot be accessed at all.

sandbox-compilerd

Only /var/* can be accessed freely.

Creating your own sandbox definition

A sandbox definition should be a Scheme file with extension .sb. If a non-built-in profile is given, a .sb placed in one of:

  • /usr/share/sandbox/*.sb
  • /private/var/mobile/Applications/*.sb

shall be compiled and sandboxed by this definition. (You can also provide a complete path.) However, due to the lack of sandboxd the .sb files cannot be compiled, so assume this feature isn't there yet.

Working around the sandbox

While sandbox is a nice security feature, it is sometimes too restrictive for a MobileSubstrate extension. Since the sandbox is implemented as a kernel feature it's impossible to workaround it. For example, an MS extension targeting AppStore app can only write in /var/mobile, but most of the /var/mobile itself is unreadable due to sandboxing. But there are a few places that the sandbox cannot apply, so AppStore apps may store data in these places. They are:

  • Anything in the container itself (of course).
  • ~/* except the Media and Library subfolders, which only the following directories are readable:
  • ~/Media/DCIM/*
  • ~/Media/Photos/*
  • ~/Library/AddressBook/*
  • ~/Library/Keyboard/*
  • ~/Library/Preferences/*

An AppStore app itself can also read/write to these folders, even without jailbreaking (in principle), but they must be accessed via a symlink. Doing so allows easy cross-app data sharing, but that may violate the AppStore rules.

Kernel debug messages regarding the sandbox

You can turn on kernel debug messages from the Seatbelt.kext with this command:

sysctl -w security.mac.seatbelt.debug=<integer>

where the integer is a bit-field, with purposes:

  • 1 = Memory management (reference counting) messages. Very verbose, do not turn it on.
  • 2 = Function hook messages.
  • 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 = ???

Set to 0 to turn off everything.